WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

Click Here to Begin Slideshow Over the past couple of issues, we took a dive into truck capacity along with open trailers. This time around, we’ll focus on tongue weight, hitches and trailer “trim” (for a lack of a better term). Some of what follows might be surprising – even for seasoned towing veterans: The height of the tongue (yes, the height) as well as tongue weight play very important rolls when it comes to trailer towing. Obviously, the tongue weight of the trailer cannot exceed the maximum for the truck and receiver hitch/platform. Similarly, it cannot exceed the maximum weight for the trailer. Too little tongue weight can cause trailer sway, and too much tongue weight can create shaky tow vehicle performance. Here you can encounter difficulty steering or braking when driving a setup that has too much weight bearing down on the back end of the tow vehicle. Ultimately, towing with the wrong tongue weight can cause you to lose control of the tow vehicle or just as bad, allow the trailer to separate from the hitch. Not good. There are a couple of ways to determine tongue weight. One is to use a pricey tongue weight scale. To use it, you must check the loaded weight of your trailer tongue, with the trailer loaded, but not hooked up to your truck. Not really a great feeling in my book. It’s also possible to check tongue weight using a public weigh scale. Since I have a GMC truck this is how they explain the process: “Ensuring your trailer is properly balanced is key, and can easily be verified by visiting a public scale and weighing your vehicle and trailer a few times. In order to check your tongue weight, follow these steps: • Load your vehicle and trailer as they would be for your trip, and hitch the trailer to the tow vehicle • Drive the tow vehicle onto the scale platform so its wheels are on the scale, but do not pull the trailer tires onto the scale. The resulting figure is will be known as the “combined” weight. • After pulling off the scale, disconnect the trailer, and re-weigh only your tow vehicle on the scale. The resulting figure will be known as the “solo” weight. • Subtract the second figure (solo weight) from the first (combined weight) in order to determine your current tongue weight.” It’s also possible to figure out tongue weight with a basic bathroom scale. Here, you use a specific length (usually 4 feet) of 2X4 wood to act as a scale beam, and it works to distribute the load from the tongue onto a bathroom scale. Four feet times the weight reading of the scale equals tongue weight. In my humble opinion, it might be best to go the scale with an empty truck and figure out the weight. Once you have the trailer loaded, then go the scale. This way, the loaded trailer doesn’t have to be uncoupled from the truck. How much tongue weight is ok and how much is bad? This is from Weigh Safe hitches: “Tongue weight refers to the weight that the fully loaded trailer exerts downward on the hitch ball of the tow vehicle. Tongue weight is typically 10 percent – and should not exceed 15 percent – of your gross trailer weight. For example, a 10,000-lb trailer should have a tongue weight between 1,000 lbs and 1,500 lbs. You can adjust the tongue weight of your trailer by removing or adding cargo or redistributing the load on the trailer. The tongue weight should not exceed the capacity of your tow vehicle, your hitch, or any of your towing components.” This is where the trailer hitch from Weigh Safe enters the equation. These hitches actually have a built in scale that measures tongue weight. With the built-in scale, determining tongue weight is as easy as coupling your trailer to your ball mount. After verifying that your drop hitch receiver is the correct height (we’ll get into that in a moment), simply hook-up your trailer to the Weigh Safe ball mount just as you would any other ball mount. The trailer weight forces down on the hitch ball. This pushes down on an internal hydraulic piston that sits on a bed of oil. When the piston drops into the oil, the pressure reading is sent out to the gauge. In my application, a tongue weight of between 500 to 760 pounds is safe. And as mentioned above, it’s easy to get there by moving the car or other load back and forth on the trailer deck before it’s tied down When measuring tongue weight, both the truck and the trailer must be on flat, level ground. This ensures weight gauge reads accurately. If the rig is on a slant or if there are grade changes it will compromise the gauge accuracy. According to Weigh Safe once the trailer coupler is mounted over the tow ball, move the empty trailer frame back and forth to reduce friction. This is why it’s a good idea to grease the coupler/trailer hitch ball. The tow ball and trailer coupler must also be bounced a couple of times to reduce friction and get an accurate tongue weight reading. By the way, the Weigh Safe Gauge is accurate to +/- 1.25% over the full range of the scale, which works out to +/- 50 LBS accuracy. Hitch height is critical too. For best trailer and tow rig performance it’s important to adjust the height of the hitch so that the trailer is level to the ground, front to back. To accomplish this, simply measure the distance to the ground on the front and rear of the trailer frame and adjust the coupler height in order to make both measurements the same. Weigh Safe takes it one step further: “For tandem “independent” trailer axles (typical of the trailers we use), the height of your hitch does affect your tongue weight. If your trailer coupler is too high, the tongue weight increases, and your back axle tires will receive more weight. If your trailer coupler is too low, your tongue weight will read less and increase the weight on the front axle tires. Without being level, tongue weight will not read true, and your tires will wear faster and unevenly.” Weigh Safe offers drop hitches in 4-inch, 6-inch, 8-inch and 10-inch drop height options. All are adjustable in terms of drop height. For all types of hitches the drop is measured from the top of the receiver bar to the top of the ball housing. Weigh Safe manufactures drop hitches in 2-inch, 2.5-inch and 3-inch drawbar shaft sizes. They’re available in welded steel or 6061 T6 billet aluminum. Where steel hitches are tubular, the billet aluminum hitches are solid. 2-inch and 2-5/16-inch billet stainless steel tow balls are included with the hitch assemblies. With a 2-inch ball, the tow weight rating works out to 8,000 pounds. With a 2-5/6-inch ball, the tow weight rating works out to 12,500 pounds for a 2-inch drawbar shaft; 18,500 pounds for a 2.5-inch drawbar shaft and 21,000 pounds for a 3-inch drawbar shaft. Maximum tongue weight capability works out to 1,500 pounds for a 2-inch shaft and 2,200 pounds for 2.5-inch and 3-inch shafts. Many adjustable hitches make use of a single pin to affix the coupler to the drawbar. The Weigh Safe is different. It incorporates a locking dual pin system. By the way, drop height adjustment is in 1-inch increments. Another thing to consider with the Weigh Safe hitch is the way the ball attaches. Rather than a threaded ball held with place with a nut and lock washer, Weigh Safe uses a separate internal pin to retain the ball. In order to access the pin, the coupler must first be removed from the drawbar. See the accompanying photos for more info. Next time around, we’ll fast forward to tie downs and tie down accessories. Here too, things have changed over the years. Watch for it. Click Here to Begin Slideshow

WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

Click Here to Begin Slideshow

With the tow vehicle figured out, the trailer figured out and the hitch and overall setup figured out, the final thing one should ponder are the tie down straps and key tie down accessories you’ll need (aside from a winch – someday we’ll zoom in on that).

Of course, chains and load binders are an ancient option, but most folks use tie downs with webbing. There are a number of versions out there. You can buy tie downs with flat hooks or in a twisted hook configuration. Typically, a flat snap hook can place a twist in the webbing following the install. Meanwhile the twisted snap hook arrangement is (I believe) a far better choice for most vehicles and trailers. It allows you to line up things neatly in conjunction with the trailer anchor points. I use Mac’s tie downs for this reason. They also have a special “thumb release” (see the accompanying photos), that makes hook removal simple.

When it comes to the section of the tie down that attaches to the trailer, you can specify "sewn" or "direct hook" end configurations from Mac’s (their direct hook option is by far the most popular). Here’s the lowdown: The sewn end is the traditional end configuration, where a fixed length of webbing separates the attachment hook from the ratchet handle. On the other hand, the direct hook connects the attachment hook directly to the ratchet handle. This moves it away from the car, right next to the trailer “D” ring. This makes access to the ratchet handle much (much) simpler. Essentially, the “direct hook” design makes it far easier to adjust the tie downs because the ratchet mechanism isn’t buried up under the car. It saves lots of agony laying under the car (and that always seems to happen when it’s raining or miserably hot outside).

There’s more to the Mac’s tie downs: The layout is different. For example, the easy release ratchet handle eliminates any adjustment stickiness. The strap mandrel is free-wheeling and because of that, they were able to eliminate the "stiction" you’ll regularly find when adjusting most other ratchets. Their one piece handle design makes the Mac’s handle 40% more rigid and also helps to keep debris out of the mechanism. From my perspective, the handle design ends up being easier on your hands when releasing the ratchet.

The tie downs are available in a number of different lengths. Lengths are usually dependent upon your trailer, what you’re tying down and how you configure the straps. Six and Eight foot long tie down straps are probably the most common for passenger car setups. I have two of each.

There are obviously a number of ways to attach the straps to the car. A slick idea Mac’s has is the forged t-hook. The t-hook configuration is designed to slip into the OEM tie down opening in the vehicle frame (this is where many cars – particularly older jobs are tied down when shipped from the factory to the dealership). A built in heavy duty link allows you to hook up the tie down strap.

One more option (and one I prefer at the rear of the car) is a simple axle strap. And yes, I know the theory about tying down at the rear end housing and how it can heat up the shocks. So here goes: I once tested this with a good friend. I accompanied him to an NHRA Division 6 event. We traversed some of the worst (bumpy, frost heaved and pot-holed roads in the Pacific Northwest). We stopped about 100 miles into the journey and dropped the back door on the trailer to check the car (and almost 2 ton NHRA Stocker). The back end was tied down at the axle housing. The car hadn’t moved. Out of curiosity, we checked the back shocks. We didn’t need a temperature gun to tell us they were cool to the touch. But on the other hand, your results may vary. By the way, the trailer had torsion axles, and that makes a considerable difference.

But I digress. Mac’s manufactures axle straps with a sleeve for added protection. These axle straps are built with seamless Delta rings on both ends and they also have eight inches of stitching on both ends. The result is an impressive 10,000 pound capacity. You can see them in use in the accompanying photos.

For me at least, I’m glad the tie down industry has some innovations aimed squarely at folks like us. There’s more to tie downs than you might first think. For a better look, check out the accompanying photos:

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WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

Here’s a comparison between an old Moroso tie down (I’ve had them for oh – 45 years!) alongside a new high tech Mac’s tie down. Note the twisted hook layout on the Mac’s tie down. This keeps the straps from twisting. More info in the text.

WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

In this photo you can see how the ratchet assembly is laid out at the very end of the tie down. This works perfectly for D-ring attachment as it keeps the ratchet in a spot where it’s easy to reach.

WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

This is the hook thumb release I mentioned in the text. This is it. This way, you don’t get your fingers jammed inside the jaws of the hook trying to release it.

WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

Here’s a look at the forged T-Hook I spoke of. The hook is extremely beefy and the idea is to insert it into the OEM tie down locations in the frame (second photo). Mac’s offers several different configurations and they work great!

WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

Remember that tractor I hauled? Here’s my tie down arrangement out back. You can see how convenient it is to have the ratchet right next to the D-Ring. Plus the twisted hook rather than a flat hook works far better too.

WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

There are two things going on here: I used axle straps here because they were convenient. Plus the tie downs incorporate a twisted hook here as well. The overall layout makes the job so much simpler.

WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

This is a better look at the Mac’s tie down ratchet arrangement. Having the twisted hook along with the ratchet handle right at the end of the tie down is just a fabulous idea. No more climbing around stuff to tie down and no more twisted straps.

WE HAUL! Trailering Info & Tips: Part 4

I used the same cross-over layout in the front – this time over the bucket. I towed through some rough roads in this adventure, and I’m really happy to report the tractor didn’t move an inch on the deck of my trailer.

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